a) $$\frac{3}{7} - (x - \frac{1}{8}) = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{2}$$
$$\frac{3}{7} - x + \frac{1}{8} = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{2}$$
$$\frac{3}{7} + \frac{1}{8} - x = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{2}$$
$$\frac{24 + 7}{56} - x = \frac{3 - 2}{4}$$
$$\frac{31}{56} - x = \frac{1}{4}$$
$$x = \frac{31}{56} - \frac{1}{4}$$
$$x = \frac{31}{56} - \frac{14}{56}$$
$$x = \frac{31 - 14}{56}$$
$$x = \frac{17}{56}$$
Ответ: $$\frac{17}{56}$$