1) $$ \frac{3x + 2}{12} - \frac{x - 4}{8} = 2 $$
$$ \frac{2(3x + 2) - 3(x - 4)}{24} = 2 $$
$$ \frac{6x + 4 - 3x + 12}{24} = 2 $$
$$ \frac{3x + 16}{24} = 2 $$
$$ 3x + 16 = 48 $$
$$ 3x = 32 $$
$$ x = \frac{32}{3} = 10\frac{2}{3} $$
Ответ: $$x = 10\frac{2}{3}$$