а) 5 - 2/5
\[ 5 = \frac{5 \times 5}{5} = \frac{25}{5} \]
\[ \frac{25}{5} - \frac{2}{5} = \frac{25 - 2}{5} = \frac{23}{5} \]
Ответ: \[ \frac{23}{5} \]
б) 9 3/4 - 6 5/12
\[ 9 \frac{3}{4} = \frac{9 \times 4 + 3}{4} = \frac{39}{4} \]
\[ 6 \frac{5}{12} = \frac{6 \times 12 + 5}{12} = \frac{77}{12} \]
\[ \frac{39}{4} = \frac{39 \times 3}{4 \times 3} = \frac{117}{12} \]
\[ \frac{117}{12} - \frac{77}{12} = \frac{117 - 77}{12} = \frac{40}{12} \]
\[ \frac{40}{12} = \frac{10}{3} \]
\[ \frac{10}{3} = 3 \frac{1}{3} \]
Ответ: \[ 3 \frac{1}{3} \]
в) 12 5/8 - 3
\[ 12 - 3 = 9 \]
\[ 9 + \frac{5}{8} = 9 \frac{5}{8} \]
Ответ: \[ 9 \frac{5}{8} \]
г) 9 3/4 + 2 11/25
\[ 9 \frac{3}{4} = \frac{9 \times 4 + 3}{4} = \frac{39}{4} \]
\[ 2 \frac{11}{25} = \frac{2 \times 25 + 11}{25} = \frac{61}{25} \]
\[ \frac{39}{4} = \frac{39 \times 25}{4 \times 25} = \frac{975}{100} \]
\[ \frac{61}{25} = \frac{61 \times 4}{25 \times 4} = \frac{244}{100} \]
\[ \frac{975}{100} + \frac{244}{100} = \frac{975 + 244}{100} = \frac{1219}{100} \]
\[ \frac{1219}{100} = 12 \frac{19}{100} \]
Ответ: \[ 12 \frac{19}{100} \]
д) 8 3/7 - 3 1/3
\[ 8 \frac{3}{7} = \frac{8 \times 7 + 3}{7} = \frac{59}{7} \]
\[ 3 \frac{1}{3} = \frac{3 \times 3 + 1}{3} = \frac{10}{3} \]
\[ \frac{59}{7} = \frac{59 \times 3}{7 \times 3} = \frac{177}{21} \]
\[ \frac{10}{3} = \frac{10 \times 7}{3 \times 7} = \frac{70}{21} \]
\[ \frac{177}{21} - \frac{70}{21} = \frac{177 - 70}{21} = \frac{107}{21} \]
\[ \frac{107}{21} = 5 \frac{2}{21} \]
Ответ: \[ 5 \frac{2}{21} \]
е) 12 1/9 - 1 3/5
\[ 12 \frac{1}{9} = \frac{12 \times 9 + 1}{9} = \frac{109}{9} \]
\[ 1 \frac{3}{5} = \frac{1 \times 5 + 3}{5} = \frac{8}{5} \]
\[ \frac{109}{9} = \frac{109 \times 5}{9 \times 5} = \frac{545}{45} \]
\[ \frac{8}{5} = \frac{8 \times 9}{5 \times 9} = \frac{72}{45} \]
\[ \frac{545}{45} - \frac{72}{45} = \frac{545 - 72}{45} = \frac{473}{45} \]
\[ \frac{473}{45} = 10 \frac{23}{45} \]
Ответ: \[ 10 \frac{23}{45} \]