a) $$\frac{7y + 4}{8y} - \frac{2y + 3}{6y} = \frac{3(7y + 4) - 4(2y + 3)}{24y} = \frac{21y + 12 - 8y - 12}{24y} = \frac{13y}{24y} = \frac{13}{24}$$
б) $$\frac{a}{a +4} + \frac{a}{a-4} = \frac{a(a-4) + a(a+4)}{(a+4)(a-4)} = \frac{a^2 - 4a + a^2 + 4a}{a^2-16} = \frac{2a^2}{a^2-16}$$