Решим пропорции:
a) $$x:12 = 5:4$$
$$ \frac{x}{12} = \frac{5}{4}$$
$$x = \frac{5 \cdot 12}{4} = \frac{60}{4} = 15$$
б) $$18:x = 6:7$$
$$\frac{18}{x} = \frac{6}{7}$$
$$x = \frac{18 \cdot 7}{6} = \frac{126}{6} = 21$$
в) $$2,5 : 4 = x : 8$$
$$\frac{2.5}{4} = \frac{x}{8}$$
$$x = \frac{2.5 \cdot 8}{4} = \frac{20}{4} = 5$$
г) $$9:2 = 27:x$$
$$\frac{9}{2} = \frac{27}{x}$$
$$x = \frac{2 \cdot 27}{9} = \frac{54}{9} = 6$$
Ответ: а) 15; б) 21; в) 5; г) 6