1. To make the plural of most nouns we add -s.
2. If the noun ends in -s, -sh, -ch, -z, or -x, we add -es.
3. If the noun ends in -o, we add -es or sometimes -s.
4. If the noun ends in a consonant + -y, we change y to -ies.
5. If the noun ends in a vowel + -y, we add -s.
6. If the noun ends in -f or -fe, we change -f or -fe to -ves.