Решение:
Для решения логарифмических уравнений вида \( \log_a b = c \) приведём их к виду \( b = a^c \).
- \( \log_ (5x + 47) = 3 \) \( \Rightarrow 5x + 47 = 10^3 \) \( \Rightarrow 5x + 47 = 1000 \) \( \Rightarrow 5x = 953 \) \( \Rightarrow x = \frac{953}{5} = 190.6 \)
- \( \log_ (5x - 1) = 2 \) \( \Rightarrow 5x - 1 = 10^2 \) \( \Rightarrow 5x - 1 = 100 \) \( \Rightarrow 5x = 101 \) \( \Rightarrow x = \frac{101}{5} = 20.2 \)
- \( \log_ (3x + 1) = 2 \) \( \Rightarrow 3x + 1 = 10^2 \) \( \Rightarrow 3x + 1 = 100 \) \( \Rightarrow 3x = 99 \) \( \Rightarrow x = 33 \)
- \( \log_ (2x - 21) = 1 \) \( \Rightarrow 2x - 21 = 10^1 \) \( \Rightarrow 2x - 21 = 10 \) \( \Rightarrow 2x = 31 \) \( \Rightarrow x = \frac{31}{2} = 15.5 \)
- \( \log_ (13x + 47) = 3 \) \( \Rightarrow 13x + 47 = 10^3 \) \( \Rightarrow 13x + 47 = 1000 \) \( \Rightarrow 13x = 953 \) \( \Rightarrow x = \frac{953}{13} \approx 73.31 \)
Ответ: 1) 190.6; 2) 20.2; 3) 33; 4) 15.5; 5) \( \frac{953}{13} \).