What are the key characteristics of Russian culture in the 17th century according to the document?

Key Characteristics of 17th Century Russian Culture:

• Artistic Features: Contrast and complexity, strict proportionality, and layeredness.
• Civil Construction: Emergence of new types of buildings and non-religious architecture.
• Visual Arts:
• Striving for fullness (volume, realism).
• Appearance of a new genre – the parsun (portrait).
• Weakening of the iconographic canon.
• Notable artists: Simon Ushakov (icon "The Savior Not Made by Hands"), Parsuna: portrait of Tsarina Maria Miloslavskaya, Ivan Saltanov (workshop at the Armory Chamber).
• Education and Enlightenment:
• Establishment of specialized schools.
• Emergence of higher education institutions.
• Increased demand for literate individuals.
• German Sloboda (Suburb):
• Location: Moscow.
• Inhabitants: Foreigners, merchants, military personnel.
• Influence: Familiarity with European culture (balls, clothing, customs).

Overall Conclusion: The enrichment of Russian culture in the 17th century manifested in the emergence of secular genres in theater (like the 'samodur'), the construction of public buildings and secular churches, the development of ornamentation, Baroque style, and the growth of education for practical state needs.