a) Ca → CaO → Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(NO₃)₂
- Ca + O₂ = 2CaO
- CaO + H₂O = Ca(OH)₂
- Ca(OH)₂ + 2HNO₃ = Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O
- Ca(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ = CaSO₄ + 2H₂O
б) Al₂O₃ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ → Al(OH)₃
- Al₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ = Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O
- Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6NaOH = 2Al(OH)₃ + 3Na₂SO₄
- 2Al(OH)₃ = Al₂O₃ + 3H₂O
в) СаСО₃ → CaO → Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(NO₃)₂
- CaCO₃ = CaO + CO₂
- CaO + H₂O = Ca(OH)₂
- Ca(OH)₂ + 2HNO₃ = Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O
- Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ = CaCO₃ + H₂O
г) Си→ CuO → CuCl₂ → Cu(OH)₂
- 2Cu + O₂ = 2CuO
- CuO + 2HCl = CuCl₂ + H₂O
- CuCl₂ + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)₂ + 2NaCl
- Cu + O₂ = 2CuO
- Cu + H₂SO₄ = CuSO₄ + H₂
- CuSO₄ + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)₂ + Na₂SO₄
д) Mg→ MgO → Mg(OH)₂ → MgSO₄
- 2Mg + O₂ = 2MgO
- MgO + H₂O = Mg(OH)₂
- Mg(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ = MgSO₄ + 2H₂O
e) C→ CO₂→ Na₂CO₃ → CO₂→ CaCO₃
- C + O₂ = CO₂
- CO₂ + 2NaOH = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
- Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
- CO₂ + Ca(OH)₂ = CaCO₃ + H₂O
ж) Fe₂(SO₄)₃ → Fe(OH)₃ → Fe₂O₃
- Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 6NaOH = 2Fe(OH)₃ + 3Na₂SO₄
- 2Fe(OH)₃ = Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂O
- Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ = Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O
з) P→ P₂O₅→ H₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂
- 4P + 5O₂ = 2P₂O₅
- P₂O₅ + 3H₂O = 2H₃PO₄
- 2H₃PO₄ + 3Ca(OH)₂ = Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O
- H₃PO₄ + Ca(OH)₂ = Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ + H₂O
и) Al₂(SO₄)₃ → Al(OH)₃ → AlOCl
- Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6NaOH = 2Al(OH)₃ + 3Na₂SO₄
- Al(OH)₃ + HCl = AlOCl + 2H₂O
к) SO₂→ ZnSO₄→ Zn(OH)₂→ZnO
- SO₂ + Zn = ZnSO₄
- ZnSO₄ + 2NaOH = Zn(OH)₂ + Na₂SO₄
- Zn(OH)₂ = ZnO + H₂O