Для нахождения частных производных будем рассматривать одну переменную как константу, а другую — как переменную.
Считаем y константой.
\[ \frac{\partial Z}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (4x + \text{ctg}(\sqrt{xy})) \]\[ \frac{\partial Z}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (4x) + \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (\text{ctg}(\sqrt{xy})) \]\[ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (4x) = 4 \]\[ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (\text{ctg}(\sqrt{xy})) = -\text{csc}^2(\sqrt{xy}) \cdot \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(\sqrt{xy}) \]\[ \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(\sqrt{xy}) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xy}} \cdot \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(xy) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xy}} \cdot y = \frac{y}{2\sqrt{xy}} \]\[ \frac{\partial Z}{\partial x} = 4 - \text{csc}^2(\sqrt{xy}) \cdot \frac{y}{2\sqrt{xy}} = 4 - \frac{y}{2\sqrt{xy} \sin^2(\sqrt{xy})} \]Считаем x константой.
\[ \frac{\partial Z}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (4x + \text{ctg}(\sqrt{xy})) \]\[ \frac{\partial Z}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (4x) + \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (\text{ctg}(\sqrt{xy})) \]\[ \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (4x) = 0 \]\[ \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (\text{ctg}(\sqrt{xy})) = -\text{csc}^2(\sqrt{xy}) \cdot \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(\sqrt{xy}) \]\[ \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(\sqrt{xy}) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xy}} \cdot \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(xy) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xy}} \cdot x = \frac{x}{2\sqrt{xy}} \]\[ \frac{\partial Z}{\partial y} = 0 - \text{csc}^2(\sqrt{xy}) \cdot \frac{x}{2\sqrt{xy}} = -\frac{x}{2\sqrt{xy} \sin^2(\sqrt{xy})} \]Ответ:
\( \frac{\partial Z}{\partial x} = 4 - \frac{y}{2\sqrt{xy} \sin^2(\sqrt{xy})} \)
\( \frac{\partial Z}{\partial y} = -\frac{x}{2\sqrt{xy} \sin^2(\sqrt{xy})} \)