4. Найдите массовую долю элементов в соединениях
А) K2O
Mr(K2O) = 39 * 2 + 16 = 94
Ar(K) = 39
n(K) = 2
$$ω(K) = \frac{Ar(K) \cdot n}{Mr(K_2O)} \cdot 100\% = \frac{39 \cdot 2}{94} \cdot 100\% = 82.98 \%$$
Ar(O) = 16
n(O) = 1
$$ω(O) = \frac{Ar(O) \cdot n}{Mr(K_2O)} \cdot 100\% = \frac{16 \cdot 1}{94} \cdot 100\% = 17.02 \%$$
Б) H2O
Mr(H2O) = 1 * 2 + 16 = 18
Ar(H) = 1
n(H) = 2
$$ω(H) = \frac{Ar(H) \cdot n}{Mr(H_2O)} \cdot 100\% = \frac{1 \cdot 2}{18} \cdot 100\% = 11.11 \%$$
Ar(O) = 16
n(O) = 1
$$ω(O) = \frac{Ar(O) \cdot n}{Mr(H_2O)} \cdot 100\% = \frac{16 \cdot 1}{18} \cdot 100\% = 88.89 \%$$
В) CuS
Mr(CuS) = 64 + 32 = 96
Ar(Cu) = 64
n(Cu) = 1
$$ω(Cu) = \frac{Ar(Cu) \cdot n}{Mr(CuS)} \cdot 100\% = \frac{64 \cdot 1}{96} \cdot 100\% = 66.67 \%$$
Ar(S) = 32
n(S) = 1
$$ω(S) = \frac{Ar(S) \cdot n}{Mr(CuS)} \cdot 100\% = \frac{32 \cdot 1}{96} \cdot 100\% = 33.33 \%$$
Ответ: А) ω(K) = 82.98 %, ω(O) = 17.02 %; Б) ω(H) = 11.11 %, ω(O) = 88.89 %; В) ω(Cu) = 66.67 %, ω(S) = 33.33 %