Вопрос:

№4. Вычислите: 1) \(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{3}{4}\); 2) \(\frac{5}{7}+1\frac{3}{5}-\frac{11}{35}\); 3) \(7\frac{3}{4}:3\frac{1}{2}\); 4) \(3\frac{1}{4}:7\); 5) \((5\frac{7}{8}-\frac{3}{4})\cdot16\); 6) \((3\frac{5}{8}+\frac{3}{4})\cdot16\); 7) \((\frac{5}{18}-\frac{11}{12}):\frac{5}{9}\); 8) \(0,13:0,5-0,04\); 9) \(0,27:0,6-3,00\cdot2\); 10) \(\frac{5\frac{2}{7}}{2,3+17,7}\); 11) \((1,0+2+3,222):\frac{2}{5}\); 12) \((4\frac{7}{15}+2,3):\frac{7}{12}\); 13) \(54\cdot(\frac{5}{18}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3})\); 14) \(\frac{2,37\cdot32,8}{23,7\cdot0,328}\); 15) \((342^2-103^2):110\).

Ответ:

  1. Приведём к общему знаменателю 20:
    \(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{8}{20}-\frac{15}{20}=-\frac{7}{20}\).
  2. \(1\frac{3}{5}=\frac{8}{5}=\frac{56}{35}\), поэтому
    \(\frac{5}{7}+1\frac{3}{5}-\frac{11}{35}=\frac{25+56-11}{35}=\frac{70}{35}=2\).
  3. \(7\frac{3}{4}:3\frac{1}{2}=\frac{31}{4}:\frac{7}{2}=\frac{31}{4}\cdot\frac{2}{7}=\frac{31}{14}=2\frac{3}{14}\).
  4. \(3\frac{1}{4}:7=\frac{13}{4}:7=\frac{13}{28}\).
  5. \(5\frac{7}{8}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{47}{8}-\frac{6}{8}=\frac{41}{8}\).
    \(\frac{41}{8}\cdot16=82\).
  6. \(3\frac{5}{8}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{29}{8}+\frac{6}{8}=\frac{35}{8}\).
    \(\frac{35}{8}\cdot16=70\).
  7. \(\frac{5}{18}-\frac{11}{12}=\frac{10}{36}-\frac{33}{36}=-\frac{23}{36}\).
    \(-\frac{23}{36}:\frac{5}{9}=-\frac{23}{36}\cdot\frac{9}{5}=-\frac{23}{20}=-1\frac{3}{20}\).
  8. \(0,13:0,5-0,04=0,26-0,04=0,22\).
  9. \(0,27:0,6-3,00\cdot2=0,45-6=-5,55\).
  10. \(2,3+17,7=20\), а \(5\frac{2}{7}=\frac{37}{7}\).
    \(\frac{37}{7}:20=\frac{37}{140}\).
  11. \(1,0+2+3,222=6,222=\frac{3111}{500}\).
    \(\frac{3111}{500}:\frac{2}{5}=\frac{3111}{500}\cdot\frac{5}{2}=\frac{3111}{200}=15\frac{111}{200}\).
  12. \(4\frac{7}{15}+2,3=\frac{67}{15}+\frac{23}{10}=\frac{203}{30}\).
    \(\frac{203}{30}:\frac{7}{12}=\frac{203}{30}\cdot\frac{12}{7}=\frac{58}{5}=11\frac{3}{5}\).
  13. \(\frac{5}{18}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{5-9+12}{18}=\frac{8}{18}=\frac{4}{9}\).
    \(54\cdot\frac{4}{9}=24\).
  14. \(\frac{2,37\cdot32,8}{23,7\cdot0,328}=\frac{2,37}{23,7}\cdot\frac{32,8}{0,328}=0,1\cdot100=10\).
  15. По формуле разности квадратов:
    \((342^2-103^2):110=\frac{(342-103)(342+103)}{110}=\frac{239\cdot445}{110}=\frac{21271}{22}=966\frac{19}{22}\).

Ответ: 1) \(-\frac{7}{20}\); 2) 2; 3) \(2\frac{3}{14}\); 4) \(\frac{13}{28}\); 5) 82; 6) 70; 7) \(-1\frac{3}{20}\); 8) 0,22; 9) −5,55; 10) \(\frac{37}{140}\); 11) \(15\frac{111}{200}\); 12) \(11\frac{3}{5}\); 13) 24; 14) 10; 15) \(966\frac{19}{22}\).